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Wiebbe Hayes Stone Fort
The Wiebbe Hayes Stone Fort on West Wallabi Island (Wiebbe Hayes Island) is the oldest surviving building of European origin in Australia and was built by survivors of the ''Batavia'' shipwreck and massacre.〔Bruce Elder, "The brutal shore," ''Sydney Morning Herald'', 30 July 2005, ()〕
==History==
Following the Batavia shipwreck in 1629, a group of the marooned soldiers under the command of Wiebbe Hayes were put ashore on West Wallabi Island to search for water. A group of mutineers who took control of the other survivors left Hayes' group there secretly hoping that they would starve or die of thirst. However the soldiers discovered that they were able to wade to East Wallabi Island, where there was a fresh water spring. Furthermore, West and East Wallabi Island are the only islands in the group upon which the Tammar Wallaby lives. Thus the soldiers had access to sources of both food and water that were unavailable to the mutineers.
Later the mutineers mounted a series of attacks, which the soldiers beat off. The remnants of improvised defensive walls and stone shelters built by Wiebbe Hayes and his men on West Wallabi Island are Australia's oldest known European structures,〔Australian Broadcasting Company (2003). (''Shipwrecks: Batavia'' ).〕〔(''Batavia Shipwreck Site and Survivor Camps Area 1629'' ) (2008). Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts.〕 more than a century and a half before expeditions to the Australian continent by James Cook and Arthur Phillip.〔Elder, Bruce (2005). (''The Brutal Shore'' ). ''The Sydney Morning Herald''.〕 The remnants of "the fort ... () nothing more than a tiny, sandstone-coloured rectangle in the scrub about 100 metres from the sea. It is unimpressive and isolated and yet this simple structure, just some loose rocks piled up to make a simple fortress, is the first building Europeans constructed in Australia."〔Bruce Elder, "The brutal shore," ''Sydney Morning Herald'', 30 July 2005, ()〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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